Sunday, June 26, 2011

Historical Background of British India (contd-2)

EMS Namboodiripad in his book 'A History of Indian Freedom Struggle' mentioned 'in fact, the changes that were brought about in the system of land ownership following the grant of the Diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa and later on in all other areas under British domination had their impact in the administrative and educational spheres and in all sectors of the socio-economic life of the country'. 
The chages they introduced were mainly on three aspects,
1.  In Military affairs,
2. In Economic affairs, and
3. In judicial affairs.
So that they can 1. introduce laws in favour of them, 2. to implement their own laws for their benifit of their development in Capitalism, 3. they can exploit to their utmost ability the resources of India by colonial exploitation.
During the changes from Hindu to Mohammedan masters there had been only a change in the hands by which the sword was wielded and favours were dispensed ; The civil part of the administration was in the hands of the Hindus. But in the case of British era everything was changed. Even the generation of employment in the second and first  rank was in their favour which was the root of the freedom strstruggle of India.
The moves towards evolving and consolidating the new administrative set up were gradual. In 1773, 1783, 1813, 1833, and 1853, each year, either an India act was inacted in the British Parliament or the administrative system was reorganised in some other manner.At each stage the role of the British Govt. was enhahanced. The foundation of the formal rulers and their subordinates, the feudal land lords and of the socio-cultural life that was the basis of their administrative functioning, were eroded in proportion to the increase in the role of the British Government.