Thursday, August 18, 2011

British Empire where sun never sets

British Empire

British Empire
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The areas of the world that at one time were part of the British Empire. Current British Overseas Territories are underlined in red.
The areas of the world that at one time were part of the British Empire. Current British Overseas Territories are underlined in red.
The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom. It originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. At its height it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, was the foremost global power. By 1922 the British Empire held sway over about 458 million people, one-quarter of the world's population at the time, and covered more than 33,700,000 km2 (13,012,000 sq mi), almost a quarter of the Earth's total land area. As a result, its political, linguistic and cultural legacy is widespread. At the peak of its power, it was often said that "the sun never sets on the British Empire" because its span across the globe ensured that the sun was always shining on at least one of its numerous territories.
During the Age of Discovery in the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal and Spain pioneered European exploration of the globe, and in the process established large overseas empires. Envious of the great wealth these empires bestowed, England, France and the Netherlands began to establish colonies and trade networks of their own in the Americas and Asia.[5] A series of wars in the 17th and 18th centuries with the Netherlands and France left England (Britain, following the 1707 Act of Union with Scotland) the dominant colonial power in North America and India. The loss of the Thirteen Colonies in North America in 1783 after a war of independence deprived Britain of some of its oldest and most populous colonies. British attention soon turned towards Africa, Asia and the Pacific. Following the defeat of Napoleonic France in 1815, Britain enjoyed a century of almost unchallenged dominance, and expanded its imperial holdings across the globe. Increasing degrees of autonomy were granted to its white settler colonies, some of which were reclassified as dominions.
The growth of Germany and the United States had eroded Britain's economic lead by the end of the 19th century. Subsequent military and economic tensions between Britain and Germany were major causes of the First World War, during which Britain relied heavily upon its Empire. The conflict placed enormous financial strain on Britain, and although the Empire achieved its largest territorial extent immediately after the war, it was no longer a peerless industrial or military power. The Second World War saw Britain's colonies in South-East Asia occupied by Japan, which damaged British prestige and accelerated the decline of the Empire, despite the eventual victory of Britain and its allies. India, Britain's most valuable and populous possession, won independence within two years of the end of the war.
After the end of the Second World War, as part of a larger decolonisation movement by European powers, most of the territories of the British Empire were granted independence, ending with the handover of Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China in 1997. 14 territories remain under British sovereignty, the British Overseas Territories. After independence, many former British colonies joined the Commonwealth of Nations, a free association of independent states. 16 Commonwealth nations share their head of state, Queen Elizabeth II, as Commonwealth realms.
Evolution of British Empire
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Animated map showing growth and decline of the British empire
The evolution of the British Empire is considered to begin with the foundation of the English colonial empire in the late 16th century. Since then, a great many territories have been under the control of the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.
The Kingdom of Great Britain was formed in 1707 by the union of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland; in 1801 the Kingdom of Ireland joined this Union to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; in 1922 most of Ireland gained independence as the Irish Free State, and in 1927 the formal name of the Union was changed to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to reflect this. Collectively, the territories under the control of these states since the 18th century are referred to as the British Empire.
From 1876 to 1947, the monarch of the United Kingdom was formally designated as Empress or Emperor of India, a title created by the UK Parliament. Currently, Elizabeth II is the monarch of sixteen Commonwealth realms.
The nature of the administration of the Empire changed both by time and place. Most of its parts were British territorial possessions, but after the First World War there were also several mandates granted by the League of Nations

 Africa

Name of territoryDatesStatusComments
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan - see under "Sudan"
Basutoland1868–1871protectorate
1871–1884annexed to Cape Colony
1884–1965colony
1965–1966self-governing colony
1966independent as Lesotho!T! abc /\\/
Bechuanaland
(see also under "British Bechuanaland")
1884–1964protectorate
1964–1965colony
1965–1966self-governing colony
1966independent as Botswana!T! abc /\\/
Bight of Benin1852–1861protectorate
1861united with Bight of Biafra
Bight of Biafra1849–1861protectorate
1861united with Bight of Benin
Bights of Biafra and Benin1861–1891protectorate
Brass-Bonny-Opobo-Aobh-Old Calabar1885–1891protectorate
British Bechuanaland
(see also under "Bechuanaland")
1885–1895crown colony
1895incorporated into Cape ColonyNow a part of the Northern Cape and North West provinces of South Africa
British Cameroons1916–1919occupation
1919–1946League of Nations mandated territory
1946–1961United Nations Trust Territory
1961northern part merged into Nigeria
1961southern part merged into the Republic of Cameroon!T! abc
British Central Africa - see under "Nyasaland"
British East Africa1888–1895territory leased to the Imperial British East Africa Company by the Sultan of Zanzibar
1895–1920protectorate
1920split into the colony of Kenya and the protectorate of Kenya
British Somaliland1884–1960protectorateforcibly merged with Somalia then became independent in 1991 as Somaliland (unrecognized)
Cape Colony1910colonybecame a province of the Union of South Africa as the "Cape of Good Hope"
Cyrenaica1942–1946administration
1946–1951UN trusteeship under Britainnow part of Libya
Egypt1801–1803occupation
1882–1914occupation
1914–1922protectorate
1922independent
- Suez Canal Zone1882–1956controlledrestored to Egyptian control
1956occupationrestored to Egyptian control
Gambia1816–1965crown colony
1965independent!T! abc
Gold Coast1874–1957colony
1957independent as Ghana!T! abc
Kenya, Colony of1920–1963colonyPreviously part of British East Africa
1963independentabc /\\/
Kenya, Protectorate of1920–1963protectoratePreviously part of British East Africa
1963merged with the colony of Kenya at independence
Lagos Protectorate1887–1906protectorate, governed from the Lagos Colony
1906incorporated into the Protectorate of Southern Nigeria
Natal1856–1910colony
1910became a province of the Union of South AfricaNow part of the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Niger Districts1885–1899protectorate under the Royal Niger Company
1900became part of Northern Nigeria
Niger River Delta1886–1899protectorate under the Royal Niger Company
1900became part of Northern Nigeria
Nigeria, Protectorate of1914–1954protectorate governed by the Colony of NigeriaPreviously known as the Protectorate of Southern Nigeria
1954merged with the Colony of Nigeria to form the Federation of Nigeria
Nigeria, Colony of
known as the Colony of Southern Nigeria to 1913
1906–1954colonyPreviously known as the Colony of Lagos
1954merged with the Protectorate of Nigeria to form the Federation of Nigeria
Nigeria, Federation of1954–1960autonomous federationformed from the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria
1960independent!T! abc
Northern Nigeria1900–1913protectorate governed by the Colony of Southern Nigeria
1914merged with Protectorate of Southern Nigeria to form the Protectorate of Nigeria
Nyasaland
known as the Nyassaland Districts until 1893, and then British Central Africa until 1907
1891–1964protectorate
1964independent as Malawi!T! abc /\\/
Orange River Colony1900–1910colony
1907granted responsible government
1910became a province of the Union of South Africa as the "Orange Free State"
Rhodesianow divided between Zambia and Zimbabwe
- Matabeleland1888–1894protectorate under British South Africa Company
1894united with Mashonaland as South Zambesia in 1894
- Mashonaland1889–1894protectorate under BSAC
1894united with Matabeleland as South Zambesia in 1894
- South Zambesia1894–1895protectorate under BSAC
1895united with North Zambesia as Rhodesia
- Rhodesia1895–1901protectorate under BSAC
1901Mashonaland and Matabeleland united as Southern Rhodesia
- Northern Rhodesia1911–1924protectorate under BSACamalgamation of North-Western Rhodesia and North-Eastern Rhodesia
1924–1953protectorate
1953–1963part of Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
1964independent as Zambia!T! abc /\\/
- Southern Rhodesia1901–1923protectorate under BSAC
1923–1953self-governing colony
1953–1963part of Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
Rhodesia1964–1965crown colony
1965–1970unilaterally declared independent, with Elizabeth II as head of statenot internationally recognised
1970–1979republicnot internationally recognised
-Zimbabwe-Rhodesia1979interim state
1979–1980colony
1980independent as Zimbabwe!T! abc /\\/
Sierra Leone1787–1808Freed slave colony organised by Sierra Leone Company
1808–1821crown colony
1821–1850part of British West Africa
1850–1866crown colony
1866–1888part of British West Africa
1888–1895colony
1896–1961colony and protectorate
1961independent!T! abc
South Africa1910–1961dominionformed by the federation of the Cape, Orange River, Natal, and Transvaal colonies
1961-republic!T! abc /\\/ (not a member of the Commonwealth between 1961 and 1994)
Southern Nigeria, Protectorate of
known as the Oil Rivers Protectorate until 1893, then Niger Coast Protectorate until 1900
1891–1913protectorate
1914merged with Northern Nigeria to form the Protectorate of Nigeria
Sudan
("Anglo-Egyptian Sudan")
1899–1952condominium (joint-rule) with Egypt
1952–1956self-rule
1956independent!T! abc
Swaziland1893–1902protectorate under Transvaal
1902–1967protectorate
1967–1968autonomous
1968independentabc [X] /\\/
Tanganyika
German East Africa1916–1922occupation
Tanganyika1922–1946mandate
1946–1961United Nations Trust Territory under Britain
1961independent!T! abc /\\/ merged with Zanzibar in 1964 to form Tanzania
Tati Concessions Land1872–1893concession
1893detached from Matabeleland
1893–1911under protectorate of Bechuanaland
1911annexed to Bechuanaland
Transvaal1877–1884colony
1884–1900independent as South African Republic
1900–1906colony
1906–1910self-governing colony
1910part of Union of South Africanow divided between the provinces of Gauteng/Limpopo/North West/Mpumalanga, South Africa
Tripolitania1942–1946administration
1946–1951UN trusteeship under Britainnow part of Libya
- Benghazi; Sirte1942–1946occupation
1946–1951UN trusteeship under Britainnow part of Libya
- Tripoli1943–1946occupation
1946–1951UN trusteeship under Britainnow part of Libya
Uganda1890–1893occupied by British East Africa Company
1893–1894provisional protectorate
1894–1905protectorate
1905–1962colony
1962self-government
1962independent!T! abc /\\/
Walvis Bay1795–1878occupation
1878–1884protectorate
1884part of Cape Colonynow part of Namibia
Zanzibar1890–1963protectorate
1963independentmerged with Tanganyika in 1964 to form Tanzania
Zululand1887–1897crown colony
1897incorporation into Natalnow part of the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

[edit] Northern America

Name of territoryDatesStatusComments
Assiniboia1812–1836colony
1836reverted to control of the Hudson's Bay CompanyNow part of the province of Manitoba, Canada
Avalon1623–1637palatinate
1637incorporated into Newfoundland
Bristol's Hope1618–1631colony
1631abandoned
Canada, Dominion ofdominion (1867-1931)formed by the federation of the provinces of Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia:±: [X] abc
  • Queen Elizabeth II first monarch to be titled Queen of Canada (Ascended to the Throne of Canada in 1952)
  • 1982 - New Constitution updating Canada's relationship with the United Kingdom
  • Several Provinces and Territories have joined since Confederation.
Canada, Province of1841–1867colonyFormed by the amalgamation of the provinces of Lower and Upper Canada
1867joined the Dominion of Canada and divided into the provinces of Ontario and QuebecNow the southern halves of Ontario and Quebec, Canada
Cape Breton Island1763incorporated into Nova ScotiaPreviously under French sovereignty
1784colonyseparated from Nova Scotia
1820re-incorporated into Nova Scotia
Carolina1586–1663settlement
1663–1665colony
1663–1691proprietary colony
- North Carolina1691–1710colony subordinated to South Carolina
1710–1776colony
1776declared independent as part of the United States
1783sovereignty formally relinquished by Great Britain
- South Carolina1691–1710colony
1710–1776proprietary colony
1776declared independent as part of the United States
1780–1782occupation
1783sovereignty formally relinquished by Great Britain
Cuper's Cove1610–1621colony
1621abandoned
East Florida1763–1783colony
1783returned to Spanish sovereigntyNow part of the state of Florida, United States
Florida - see under "East Florida" and "West Florida"
Georgia1732–1755proprietary colony
1755–1776crown colony
1776declared independent as part of the United States
1778–1782occupation
1783sovereignty formally relinquished by Great Britain
Labrador1763–1774part of Newfoundlandannexed to Quebec
1774–1809part of Quebec (1774–1809)
1809annexed to NewfoundlandNow part of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
Lower Canada1791–1841province (colony)Now the southern half of the province of Quebec, Canada
1841merged with Upper Canada to form the Province of CanadaRe-established within the Dominion of Canada as the province of Quebec in 1867
New Brunswick1784–1867colonySeparated from Nova Scotia
1867became a province of Canada
Newfoundland1497–1583claimed by England
1583–1818colony
1818–1907crown colony
1907–1934dominion
1934–1949Commission of GovernmentSelf-rule suspended, "Dominion" in name only
1949became a province of CanadaNow known as "Newfoundland and Labrador"
North-Western Territory1859–1870
1870incorporated into the Northwest Territories of CanadaNow divided between the Canadian provinces and territories of Northwest Territories, Yukon, Nunavut, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia
Stikine Territory1862–1863Now divided between British Columbia and Yukon, Canada
Nova Scotia1621–1632Scottish colony
1654–1670English occupation
1690–1691English occupation
1710–1713British occupation
1713–1867colony
1848granted responsible government
1867became a province of Canada
Prince Edward Island
known as New Ireland until 1769, and as St. John's Island until 1799
1744–1748occupation
1758–1763occupation
1763–1769part of Nova Scotia
1769–1873colony
1873became a province of Canada
Quebec1763–1791province (colony)Quebec and Ontario, in Canada, and (until 1783) the states of Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Minnesota, in the United States
1791divided into the provinces of Lower Canada and Upper Canada
Renews1610–1623colonyabandoned
Rupert's Land1670–1870possession of Hudson's Bay CompanyNominally included territory that is now part of the Canadian territories and provinces of Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon (until 1858), British Columbia (until 1858), Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and (until 1818) parts of the U.S. states of North Dakota and Minnesota
1870incorporated into Canada
St. Pierre and Miquelon1713–1763part of Nova Scotia
1763restored to French sovereignty
1778–1783occupation
1793–1802occupation
1803–1816occupation
South Falkland1623–1626colonyabandoned
Upper Canada1791–1841province (colony)Ontario, Canada
1841merged with Lower Canada to form the Province of CanadaRe-established within the Dominion of Canada as the province of Ontario in 1867
Vancouver Island1849–1866crown colony
1866merged into the colony of British ColumbiaNow part of the province of British Columbia, Canada
Virginia1607–1624colony
1624–1776crown colony
1776declared independent as part of the United States
1783Sovereignty formally relinquished by Great Britain
West Florida1763–1781colony
1781returned to Spanish sovereigntyNow part of the state of Florida, United States

 Central America and the Caribbean

-
Name of territoryDatesStatusComments
Anguilla1650–1696colony under St. Christopher
1696–1816part of colony of Leeward Islands
1816–1832part of colony of St. Christopher, Nevis, Anguilla, and the British Virgin Islands
1832–1871part of colony of Leeward Islands as colony of St. Christopher, Nevis, Anguilla, and the British Virgin Islands
1871–1882part of the presidency of Saint Christopher (within the Leeward Islands)
1882–1956part of the presidency of Saint Christopher and Nevis (within the Leeward Islands)
1956–1967part of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla
1967–1969unilaterally declared independence
1969–1980part of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla
1980–1983self-governing colony
1983–2002dependent territory
2002-British Overseas Territory!T! [X] abc /\\/
Antigua
(incl. Barbuda from 1860)
1632–1671colony
1671–1672part of colony of Leeward Islands
1672–1816part of colony of Leeward Islands
1816–1832part of colony of Antigua-Barbuda-Montserrat
1832–1833colony
1833–1871part of colony of Leeward Islands
1871–1956presidency within the Leeward Islands
1956–1958colony
1958–1962province of West Indies Federation
1962–1967colony
1967–1981associated state
1981independent as Antigua and Barbuda:±: !T! [X] abc /\\/
Antigua-Barbuda-Montserrat1816–1832colony
1832dissolved
Aruba1799–1802occupation
1805–1816occupation
1940–1942protectorate
Bahamas1670–1684proprietary colony
1684occupied by Spain
1718–1964crown colony
1964–1969self-government
1969–1973commonwealth
1973independent:±: !T! [X] abc /\\/
Barbados1624–1627claimed by England
1627–1652proprietary colony
1652–1663colony
1663–1833crown colony
1833–1885part of colony of Windward Islands
1885–1958colony
1958–1962province of West Indies Federation
1962–1966colony
1966independent:±: !T! [X] abc /\\/
Barbuda1628–1832colony
1632–1671dependency of Antigua
1671–1816part of colony of Leeward Islands
1816–1832part of colony of Antigua-Barbuda-Montserrat
1832–1833colony
1833–1860part of colony of Leeward Islands
1860annexed to Antigua
1976–1980autonomous
1980unilateral declaration of independence
1981independent as part of Antigua and Barbuda
Bay Islands1643–1780crown colony
1780occupied by Spain for a month
1780–1860crown colony subordinated to Jamaica
1860ceded to Honduras
Belize - see under "British Honduras"
Bonaire1807–1815occupation
British Honduras1665–1742settlement
1742–1840settlement subordinated to Jamaica
1840–1862colony subordinated to Jamaica
1862–1884crown colony subordinated to Jamaica
1884–1954crown colony
1954–1964autonomy
1964–1981self-governing colony
1973renamed "Belize"
1981independent:±: !T! [X] abc
British Virgin Islands1666–1672occupation
1672–1713part of colony of Leeward Islands as part of Antigua
1713–1816crown colony part of colony of Leeward Islands
1816–1832part of colony of St. Christopher, Nevis, Anguilla, and the British Virgin Islands
1832–1871part of colony of Leeward Islands as colony of St. Christopher, Nevis, Anguilla, and the British Virgin Islands
1871–1956presidency within the Leeward Islands
1956–1960part of territory of Leeward Islands
1960–1967colony
1967–1983autonomous
1983–2002dependent territory
2002-British Overseas Territory!T! [X] abc /\\/
Cayman Islands1670–1958colony part of Jamaica
1958–1962province of West Indies Federation
1962–1983crown colony
1983–2002dependent territory
2002-British Overseas Territory!T! [X] abc /\\/
Cuba1762–1763occupation
Curaçao1800–1803occupation
1807–1816occupation
Dominica1763–1778occupation
1778ceded to France
1784–1871colony
1871–1939presidency within the Leeward Islands
1940–1958colony within the Windward Islands
1958–1962province of West Indies Federation
1962–1967colony
1967–1978associated state
1978independent!T! [X] abc /\\/
Grenada1762–1763occupation
1763–1779part of colony of South Caribbean Islands
1779occupied by France
1783–1802part of colony of South Caribbean Islands
1802–1833colony
1833–1958part of Windward Islands
1958–1962province of West Indies Federation
1962–1967colony
1967–1974associated state
1974independent:±: !T! [X] abc /\\/
Guadeloupe1759–1763occupation
1794occupation
1810–1814occupation
1815–1816occupation
Île de la Tortue and Saint-Domingue1655–1659occupation
1793–1798occupation
Jamaica1655–1670occupation
1670–1953colony
1953–1958self-governing colony
1958–1962province of West Indies Federation
1962independent:±: !T! [X] abc /\\/
Leeward Islands1671–1816colony
1833–1871colony
1871–1956federal colonyComprised the presidencies of Antigua (incl. Barbuda), Dominica (to 1939), Montserrat, Nevis , Saint Kitts (incl. Anguilla, and combined with Nevis in 1883), and the Virgin Islands
1956–1960territory
1960dissolved
Martinique1762–1763occupation
1794–1802occupation
1809–1814occupation
Montserrat1632–1667colony part of Antigua
1667occupied by France
1668–1782part of colony of Leeward Islands
1784–1816part of colony of Leeward Islands
1816–1832part of colony of Antigua-Barbuda-Montserrat
1832–1833colony part of Antigua
1833–1871part of colony of Leeward Islands
1871–1956presidency within the Leeward Islands
1956–1958colony
1958–1962province of West Indies Federation
1962–1967colony
1967–1983associated state
1983–2002dependent territory
2002-British Overseas Territory!T! [X] abc /\\/
Mosquito Coast1668–1786protectorate
1787–1861protectorate
1861incorporated into Nicaragua
Nevis1628–1671colony subordinated to Barbados
1671–1701part of colony of Leeward Islands
1701–1704part of colony of Leeward Islands under Antigua
1704–1816part of colony of Leeward Islands
1816–1833part of colony of St. Christopher, Nevis, Anguilla, and the British Virgin Islands
1833–1871part of Leeward Islands as colony of St. Christopher, Nevis, Anguilla, and the British Virgin Islands
1871–1883presidency within the Leeward Islands
1883amalgamated with Saint Kitts to form the presidency of Saint Christopher and Nevis (within the Leeward Islands)
Redonda1872–1981part of Antigua
1981-dependency
Saba1665occupation
1672–1679occupation
1781occupation
1801–1803occupation
1810–1816occupation
St. Christopher
(Saint Kitts)
1623–1666colony
1666occupied by France
1671–1701part of colony of Leeward Islands
1701–1704part of colony of Leeward Islands under Antigua
1704–1782part of colony of Leeward Islands
1782occupied by France
1783–1816part of colony of Leeward Islands
1816–1833part of colony of St. Christopher, Nevis, Anguilla, and the British Virgin Islands
1833–1871part of Leeward Islands as colony of St. Christopher, Nevis, Anguilla, and the British Virgin Islands
1871–1882part of colony of Leeward Islands
1882amalgamated with Nevis to form the presidency of Saint Christopher-Nevis (within the Leeward Islands)
St. Christopher and Nevis1882–1958presidency within the Leeward Islands
1958–1962part of province of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla of West Indies Federation
1962–1967part of colony of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla
1967–1980part of associated state of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla
1980–1983associated state
1983independent:±: !T! [X] abc /\\/
St. Eustatius1665–1666occupation
1672–1682occupation
1690–1693occupation
1781occupation
1801–1802occupation
1810–1816occupation
St. John1801–1802occupation
1807–1815occupationNow part of the United States Virgin Islands
St. Lucia1605–1640settlement
1640abandoned
1664–1667occupation
1762–1763occupation
1781–1783occupation
1794–1795occupation
1796–1802occupation
1803–1838colony
1838–1958crown colony part of colony of Windward Islands
1958–1962province of West Indies Federation
1962–1967crown colony
1967–1979associated state
1979independent:±: !T! [X] abc /\\/
Saint Martin1690–1699occupation
1801–1802occupation
St. Thomas1801–1802occupation
1807–1815occupationNow part of the United States Virgin Islands
St. Vincent and the Grenadines1627–1636claimed
1672claimed
1762–1763occupation
1763–1776colony
1776–1779crown colony
1779occupied by France
1783–1833crown colony
1833–1958part of colony of Windward Islands
1958–1962province of West Indies Federation
1962–1969colony
1969–1979associated state
1979independent:±: !T! [X] abc /\\/
South Caribbean Islands1763–1802colony
1802dissolvedIncluded the present-day countries of Dominica, Grenada, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and the island of Tobago
Tobago1762–1764part of colony of Windward Islands
1764–1781colony
1781colony of France
1793–1802occupation
1802colony of France
1803–1833crown colony
1833–1888part of colony of Windward Islands
1889amalgamated with Trinidad
Tortuga1631–1635colony
1635French possessionNow part of Haiti
Trinidad1802–1888colony
1889amalgamated with Tobago as "Trinidad and Tobago"
Trinidad and Tobago1889–1958colony
1958–1962province of West Indies Federation
1962independent!T! [X] abc /\\/
Turks and Caicos Islands1799–1848colony part of Bahamas
1848–1874colony
1874–1959colony part of Jamaica
1959–1962province of West Indies Federation
1962–1983crown colony
1983–2002dependent territory
2002-British Overseas Territory!T! [X] abc /\\/
Virgin Islands - see under "British Virgin Islands"
West Indies Federation1958–1962federation of colonies
1962dissolutionIncluded the present-day countries of Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados; Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and Trinidad and Tobago, and the British Overseas Territories of Anguilla, Cayman Islands, Montserrat, and Turks and Caicos Islands
Windward Islands1833–1956colony
1956–1960territory
1960dissolutionIncluded the present-day countries of Barbados (to 1885), Grenada, Dominica (from 1940), St. Lucia, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and (until 1889) the island of Tobago

[edit] South America

Name of territoryDatesStatusComments
Berbice1781–1782subordinated to Barbados
1782occupied by France
1796–1802occupied
1802restored to the Netherlands
1803–1814occupied
1814–1831colony
1831united with Demerara-Essequibo to form British GuianaNow part of Guyana
British Guiana1831–1961colonyFormed by the merger of the colonies of Berbice and Demerara-Essequibo
1961–1966self-rule
1966independent as Guyana
Demerara1781–1782subordinated to Barbados
1782French occupation
1796–1802occupied
1802restored to Netherlands
1803–1814occupied
1814merged with Essequibo to form Demerara-Essequibo
Demerara-Essequibo1814–1831colonyFormed by the merger of the separate colonies of Demerara and Essequibo
1831united with Berbice to form British Guiana
Essequibo1781–1782subordinated to Barbados
1782French occupation
1796–1802occupied
1802restored to the Netherlands
1803–1814occupied
1814merged with Demerara to form Demerara-Essequibo
Oyapoc1620settlementNow in Guyana
Pomeroon1666–1667occupied
1689occupation
1689incorporated into EssequiboNow in Guyana
Willoughby1652–1688settlement
1688Dutch occupationNow Paramaribo, in Suriname

 Asia

Name of territoryDatesStatusComments
Aden1839–1873colony subordinate to Bombay
1873–1932protectorate
1932–1937province of British India
1937–1963crown colony
1963part of protectorate of South Arabia
1963–1967state
1967independentNow part of Yemen
Afghanistan1839–1842protectorate
1879–1919protectorate
1919independent
Bahrain1880–1961protectorate
1961–1971autonomous
1971independent
British Mandate of Mesopotamia1920–1932League of Nations Mandate
2003–2004Successor state (Iraq) under partial British occupation
2004Independent
Baluchistan1877–1896province
1896–1947province of British India
1947part of PakistanNow part of Baluchistan and the Tribal Areas, in Pakistan
Bantam1603–1609station
1609–1617factory
1617–1621presidency
1621expelled by the Dutch
1630–1634subordinated to Surat
1634–1652presidency
1652–1682subordinated to Surat
1682expelled by the DutchNow in Indonesia
Bencoolen
(Fort York)
1685–1760fort subordinated to Madras
1760–1785presidency
1785–1825subordinated to Bengal
1825part of Netherlands East IndiesNow Bengkulu, in Indonesia
Bengal1634–1658factoriesNow divided between West Bengal (in India) and Bangladesh
1658–1681subordinated to Madras
1681–1682agency
1682–1694presidency of Coromandel and Bengal Settlements
1694–1698subordinated to Madras
1698–1700presidency of Coromandel and Bengal Settlements
1700–1774presidency
1774–1854part of British India
1854–1905part of province of Bengal-Bihar-Orissa
West Bengal1905–1912province
1912partition reversedNow part of West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, and Jharkhand, in India
East Bengal1905–1912province
1912partition reversedNow part of Bangladesh
Fort William1912–1937presidencyNow divided between West Bengal (in India), and Bangladesh
Bengal1937–1947presidency
1947divided between India and East Pakistan
Brunei1888–1941protectorate
1941–1945Japanese occupation
1945–1984protectorate
1984-Independent!T! abc /\\/
Burma1824–1852Arakan, Tenasserim
1852–1886Lower Burma
1885–1886Upper Burma
1886–1937province of British India
1937–1942colony
1942–1945Japanese occupation
1945–1948colony
1948-independence!T!
Hong Kong1843–1941crown colony
1941Japanese occupation
1945–1983crown colony
1983–1997dependent territory
1997transferred to China as a Special Administrative RegionNow a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China
Hong Kong Island1841–1843annexed
1843made crown colony
Kowloon, Stonecutters Island1860–1997part of Hong Kong
1997transferred to China as part of Hong Kong SAR
India1757–1858Company rule in India
1858–1876Presidencies and provinces of British India
1876–1947Indian Empire
1947Independent as India after partition!T! abc /\\/
1947Independent as Pakistan after partition!T! abc /\\/
1971-East Pakistan, (part of Pakistan after partition), separated to form Bangladesh in 1971!T! abc /\\/
British Malaya1824transferred following Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824
1824–1867territory of British East India Company
1867–1946Straits Settlements, crown colony
1895–1946Federated Malay States, protectorate
1885–1946Johor, protectorate (part of Unfederated Malay States)
1909–1946Kedah, protectorate (part of Unfederated Malay States)
1909–1946Kelantan, protectorate (part of Unfederated Malay States)
1909–1946Perlis, protectorate (part of Unfederated Malay States)
1909–1946Terengganu, protectorate (part of Unfederated Malay States)
1942–1945Japanese occupation
1946–1948Malayan Union
1948–1957Federation of Malaya
1957–1963independent state
1963-Joined with North Borneo and the Kingdom of Sarawak to form independent state of Malaysia!T! abc /\\/ [X]
New Territories1898–1997lease territory part of Hong Kong
North Borneo1882–1946protectorate
1946–1963crown colony
1963-Part of Malaysia
Pulo Condore Island/Côn Đảo1702–1705possession of British East India Company
1705abandonedNow Côn Đảo, in Vietnam
Kingdom of Sarawak1888–1946protectorate
Straits Settlements1826–1858possession under British East India CompanyNow divided between Malacca and Penang, in Malaysia, and Singapore
1858–1867subordinated to British India
1867–1942crown colony
1942occupied by Japan
Surat1612–1658factory
1658–1668presidency
1668–1685possession under British East India Company
1685–1703subordinated to Bombay
1703incorporated into BombayNow in India
Palestine1920–1948mandateNow known as Israel, the West Bank, and Gaza Strip
1948independenceNow known as Israel
1948–presentoccupied by Israel
Singapore1824purchased
1824–1867Part of Straits Settlements (as residency of the Presidency of Bengal
1867–1942Part of Straits Settlements (crown colony)
1942–1945occupied by Japan
1945–1946military administration
1946–1963crown colony
1963–1965Part of Malaysia
1965-Independence!T! abc /\\/
Syriaoccupation (1941–1946)independence
Transjordan1920–1921part of Palestine MandateNow known as Jordan
1921–1923mandate
1923formally separated from Palestine
1923–1928mandate
1928emirate independent, except military and finance control
1928–1946independent
1946formal independence
Trucial States1892–1971protectorate
1971formation of Federation of Arab EmiratesNow part of the United Arab Emirates
South Vietnam1945–1946occupation
1946formation of Autonomous Republic of CochinchinaNow part of Vietnam
Weihaiwei1898–1930leased
1930returned to ChinaNow part of the People's Republic of China

[edit] Europe

Name of territoryDatesStatusComments
Akrotiri and Dhekelia1960–1983colonies
1983-2002dependent territory
2002-British Overseas Territory
Alderney1198–1204lordship
1204fiefdom
1205fiefdom
1206–1279fiefdom
1279briefly occupied by France
1279-1660part of bailiwick of Guernsey
1660–1825seigneurie
1825subordinated to Guernsey
Austria
(British Zone)
1945–1955occupiedIncluded Carinthia, Styria, and the east Tyrol
1955Austrian sovereignty restored
Berlin
(British Sector)
1945–1990occupied
1990incorporated into Germany
Calais1347–1558fort - regarded as part of English territory
1558recaptured by France
Corsica1794–1796kingdom
1796incorporated into France
1814protectorate
1814restored to French sovereignty
Cyprus1878–1914administration while nominally remaining part of the Ottoman Empire
1914annexation
1925–1960crown colony
1960independent
Dodecanese1945–1947occupied
1947incorporated into Greece
Elba1796–1797garrison
1797abandoned
England10th centurykingdom formed
1536incorporated Wales
1603–1649personal union with Scotland
1649–1660republic as the Commonwealth of England
1660–1707personal union with Scotland
1707political union with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain
Faroe Islands1940–1945occupied
1945restored to Danish sovereignty
Genoa1800occupied
1800sovereignty restored to Republic of Genoa
1814–1815administration
1815annexed to Sardinia-PiedmontNow part of Italy
Germany
(British Zone)
1945–1955occupiedIncluded territories of the present-day German states of Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein, Lower Saxony, and North Rhine-Westphalia
1955full sovereignty restored to the Federal Republic of Germany
Gibraltar1704–1713occupied
1713-1830garrison
1830–1983crown colony
1983–2002dependent territory
2002-British Overseas TerritorySovereignty disputed by Spain
Great Britain, Kingdom of1707formed by union of the kingdoms of England and Scotland
1801union of Great Britain with Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Guernsey
(incl. islands of Brechou, Herm, Jethou, and Sark)
1198–1204lordship
1204–1205fiefdom
1206–1279fiefdom
1279-1940bailiwick
1940–1945occupied by Germany
1945-bailiwick
Heligoland1807–1814occupied
1814–1890colony
1890incorporated into Germany
1945–1952occupied
Ionian Islands1809–1815occupied
1815–1864United States of Ionian Islands, under British protection
1864incorporated into Greece
Ireland1172-1541lordship
1541-1800kingdom subordinated to the English (later British) Crown
1801merged with Great Britain to form the United Kingdom
1922secession of twenty-six counties as the Irish Free State
1937Irish Free State breaks most remaining constitutional links with the British Crown and is renamed Ireland (or Éire)
1949Ireland becomes a republic and leaves the CommonwealthSee also under "Northern Ireland"
Isle of Man1266–1290fiefdom under Scotland
1313–1317fiefdom under Scotland
1328–1333fiefdom under Scotland
1333–1504fiefdom
1504–1594lordship
1594–1610direct crown rule
1610–1649lordship
1649–1660commonwealth and protectorate
1660–1765lordship
1765–1827possession
1827-crown dependency
Italy1943–1947occupied
1947Italian sovereignty restored
Jersey1204fiefdom subordinated to Guernsey
1204–1205fiefdom subordinated to Guernsey
1206–1279fiefdom subordinated to Guernsey
1279–1380bailiwick subordinated to Guernsey
1382–1461bailiwick subordinated to Guernsey
1468–1487bailiwick subordinated to Guernsey
1487-1940bailiwick
1940–1945occupied by Germany
1945-bailiwick
Malta1802–1814occupied
1814–1921crown colony
1921–1933self-governing colony
1933–1947crown colony
1947–1958self-rule
1958–1961direct rule
1961–1962state
1961–1964self-rule
1964independent
Minorca1708–1713occupied
1713ceded to Britain
1714–1756colony
1756occupied by France
1798–1802colony
1802restored to Spain
Northern Ireland1921-1972home rule within the United Kingdom
1972–1973direct rule
1973–1974home rule within the United Kingdom
1974–1999direct rule
1999–2002home rule within the United Kingdom
2002–2007direct rule
2007-home rule within the United Kingdom
Rhodes1945–1947occupation
1947incorporated into Greece
Scotland9th centurykingdom formed
1603–1649personal union with the Kingdom of England
1653–1660incorporated into the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland
1660–1707personal union with the Kingdom of England
1707union with England to form the Kingdom of Great Britain
1999-home rule within the United Kingdom
United Kingdom1801formed by the union of the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland
1922secession of the Irish Free State
1927formal name changed from "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" to "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"
Vienna
(British Sector)
1945–1955occupied
1955Austrian sovereignty restored
Wales1282–1301various former principalities subject to English rule
1301–1536principality subject to the heir to the English throne
1536incorporated into England
1999-limited devolution within the United Kingdom

 Antarctic Region

(territories south of 60°00′)
TerritoryStatus (Year)Event Ending Political EntityCurrent Jurisdiction
British Antarctic TerritoryBritish Antarctic Territory
South Shetlandclaimed (1819–1908)South Shetland, British Antarctic Territory
dependency of Falkland Islands (1908–1962)part of British Antarctic Territory
South Orkneyclaimed (1821–1908)South Orkney, British Antarctic Territory
dependency of Falkland Islands (1908–1962)part of British Antarctic Territory
Graham Landannexed (1832–1908)Graham Land, British Antarctic Territory
dependency of Falkland Islands (1908–1962)part of British Antarctic Territory
British Antarctic Territorycolony (1962–1983)British Antarctic Territory
dependent territory (1983-2002)
overseas territory (2002-)BAT Flag :±: !T! £GBP abc
Enderby Landclaimed (1930–1933)transferred to AustraliaAustralian Antarctic Territory, Australia
Victoria Landclaimed (1841–1933)

 Atlantic

(islands in the Atlantic Ocean)
TerritoryStatus (Year)Event Ending Political EntityCurrent Jurisdiction
Bermudacolony (1612–1684)Bermuda
crown colony (1684–1968)
self-governing colony (1968–1983)
dependent territory (1983-2002)
overseas territory (2002-)Bermuda Flag :±: !T! abc /\\/
Falkland IslandsFalkland Islands
- West Falklandsettlement (1766–1774)withdrew settlement
- Falkland Islandssovereignty claim (1774–1833)re-occupation
crown colony (1841–1892)
colony (1892–1908)
colony (1908–1962)South Shetland/South Orkney/Graham Land, British Antarctic Territory; Falkland Islands
colony (1962–1983)Falkland Islands
dependent territory (1983-2002)
overseas territory (2002-)Falkland Islands Flag :±: !T! £FKK abc /\\/
Icelandoccupation (1940–1944)restored to IcelandIceland
St. Helenaclaimed (1588–1673)Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
possession of British East India Company (1673–1815)
crown colony (1815–1821)
possession of British East India Company (1821–1834)
crown colony (1834–1983)
dependent territory (1983-2002)
part of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (2009-)
overseas territory (2002-)St. Helena Flag :±: !T! £SHP abc /\\/
- Ascension Islandpossession (1815–1922)Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
dependency of St. Helena (1922–2009)
part of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (2009-)
- Tristan da Cunhadependency of Cape Colony (1816–1938)Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
dependency of St. Helena (1938–2009)
part of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (2009-)
South Georgia and South Sandwich Islandsclaimed (1775–1908)South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands
dependency of Falkland Islands (1908–1985)
dependent territory (1985-2002)
overseas territory (2002-)South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands :±: !T! £GBP abc

 Indian Ocean

(islands in the Indian Ocean)
TerritoryStatus (Year)Event Ending Political EntityCurrent Jurisdiction
Ashmore and Cartier IslandsAshmore and Cartier Islands, Australia
- Ashmore Islandannexed (1878–1931)transferred to Australia
- Cartier Islandannexed (1909–1931)
British Indian Ocean TerritoryBritish Indian Ocean Territory
occupation (1810-1814)
part of colony of Seychelles (1814–1903)|
part of colony of Mauritius (1903–1965)
colony (1965–1976)Aldabra/Farquhar/Des Roches, Seychelles; British Indian Ocean Territory
colony (1976–1983)British Indian Ocean Territory
dependent territory (1983-2002)
overseas territory (2002-)British Indian Ocean Territory flag :±: !T! £GBP abc
Ceylonsubordinated to presidency of Madras (1795–1798)Sri Lanka
colony (1798–1802)
crown colony (1802–1886)
crown colony (1886–1942)Sri Lanka; Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Australia
crown colony (1942–1948)independence !T! /\\/Sri Lanka
Christmas Islandannexed (1888–1889)Christmas Island, Australia
leased (1889–1890)
dependency of colony of Straits Settlement (1900–1942)Japanese occupation
military administration (1945–1946)
dependency of colony of Singapore (1946–1958)
crown colony (1958)territory of Australia
Cocos (Keeling) Islandssettlement (1825; 1826–1831)Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Australia
fiefdom (1831–1857)
crown colony (1857–1878)
part of Ceylon (1878–1886)
part of Straits Settlements (1886–1942)
part of Ceylon (1942–1946)
dependency of colony of Singapore (1946–1955)territory of Australia
Heard Island and McDonald Islandsclaimed (1833–1947)transferred to Australian Antarctic TerritoryHeard Island and McDonald Islands, Australia
Madagascaroccupation (1942–1946)restored to FranceMadagascar
Maldivesprotectorate (1796–1953)Maldives
republic (1953–1954)sultantate restored
protectorate (1954–1965)independence !T! /\\/
- United Suvadivan Republicrepublic (1959–1963)restored to Maldives
Mauritiuscolony (1810–1965)Mauritius; Chagos Archipelago, British Indian Ocean Territory
colony (1965–1968)independence !T! abc /\\/Mauritius
- Rodriguesoccupation (1809-1814)Rodrigues, Mauritius
dependency of colony of Mauritius (1814–1968)part of Mauritius
Réunionoccupation (1810–1815; 1942–1946)restored to FranceRéunion, France
Seychellesoccupation (1794–1810)Seychelles
colony subordinated to Mauritius (1810-1814)
colony (1814–1903)
crown colony (1903–1970)
self-governing colony (1970–1975)
self-rule (1975–1976)independence !T! abc /\\/
- Aldabra; Farquhar; Des Rochespart of British Indian Ocean Territory (1965–1976)part of SeychellesAldabra/Farquhar/Des Roches, Seychelles
TranquebarAndaman and Nicobar Islands/Nagapattinam, India
- Dansborg; Frederiksnagoreoccupation (1801–1802; 1808–1815; 1845–1947)part of British IndiaNagapattinam, India
- Andaman Islandspossession part of British India (1789–1942, 1945–1947)occupied by Japan (1942–1945)Andaman Islands, India
- Nicobar Islandspart of British India (1848–1942, 1945–1947)occupied by Japan (1942–1945)Nicobar Islands, India

 Australasia and the Pacific

TerritoryStatus (Year)Event Ending Political EntityCurrent Jurisdiction
Australiadominion (1901-1942)ratified Statute of Westminster :±: !T! abc [X] /\\/Australia
Baker Islandclaimed (1886–1934)reclaimed by United StatesBaker Island, United States
Bonin Islandsclaimed (1827–1876)annexed by JapanBonin Islands, Japan
British New Guineaprotectorate (1884–1886)Papua New Guinea
New Guineacolony (1886–1906)transferred to Australia"
British Solomon Islandstripartite protectorate (1889–1893)Solomon Islands
protectorate part of British Western Pacific Territories (1893–1942)Japanese occupation"
protectorate part of British Western Pacific Territories (1943-1971)"
protectorate (1971–1973)"
autonomy (1973-1975)renamed"
Solomon Islandsautonomy (1975–1976)"
self-government (1976–1978)independence :±: !T! abc [X] /\\/"
Cook Islandsprotectorate (1888–1891)Cook Islands, New Zealand
federation (1891–1900)annexed by New Zealand"
Fijicolony (1874–1877)Fiji
part of British Western Pacific Territories (1877–1952)"
colony (1952–1970)independence !T! abc /\\/"
Friendly Islandstripartite protectorate (1889–1900)Tonga
protectorate part of British Western Pacific Territories (1900–1952)"
protectorate (1952–1970)independence !T! abc /\\/"
Gilbert and Ellice Islandsprotectorate (1892–1916)Tuvalu; Kiribati
crown colony part of British Western Pacific Territories (1916–1949)Tuvalu; Kiribati; Tokelau, New Zealand
crown colony part of British Western Pacific Territories (1949–1975)Tuvalu; Kiribati
- Gilbert Islandscrown colony part of British Western Pacific Territories (1975–1976)Kiribati
colony (1976–1979)independence !T! abc /\\/"
- Ellice Islandsdependency part of British Western Pacific Territories (1975–1976)Tuvalu
colony (1976–1978)independence :±: !T! abc [X] /\\/"
Howland Islandclaimed (1886-1935)reclaimed by United StatesHowland Island, United States
Jarvis Islandannexed (1889-1935)reclaimed by United StatesJarvis Island, United States
Naurupart of British Western Pacific Territories (1914–1920)Nauru
League of Nations mandate part of British Western Pacific Territories (1920–1921)"
League of Nations mandate (1921-1942)Japanese occupation"
mandate (1945–1947)"
United Nations Trust Territory (1947–1968)independence !T! abc /\\/"
New Hebridesprotectorate (1824–1878)Vanuatu
neutral territory (1878–1887)"
joint naval commission (1887-1906)"
condominium part of British Western Pacific Territories (1906–1976)"
condominium (1976–1980)independence !T! abc"
New South Walescolony (1788–1825)New South Wales/Queensland/Tasmania/South Australia/Northern Territory/Victoria/Norfolk Island, Australia; New Zealand
colony (1825–1836)New South Wales/Queensland/South Australia/Northern Territory/Victoria/Norfolk Island, Australia; New Zealand
colony (1836–1841)New South Wales/Queensland/Northern Territory/Victoria/Norfolk Island, Australia; New Zealand
colony (1841–1844)New South Wales/Queensland/Northern Territory/Victoria/Norfolk Island, Australia
colony (1844–1851)New South Wales/Queensland/Northern Territory/Victoria, Australia
colony (1851–1859)New South Wales/Queensland/Northern Territory, Australia
colony (1859–1863)New South Wales/Northern Territory, Australia
colony (1863–1901)state of AustraliaNew South Wales, Australia
- Lord Howe Islandclaimed (1788–1834)Lord Howe Island, Australia
settlement (1834–1855)part of New South Wales"
New Zealandclaimed (1769–1788)New Zealand
part of New South Wales (1792–1835)declared independence"
protectorate (1835-1840)"
possession part of New South Wales (1840–1841)"
colony (1841-1907)"
dominion (1907-1947)ratified Statute of Westminster :±: !T! abc [X] /\\/"
Niuetripartite protectorate (1889–1900)Niue, New Zealand
protectorate part of British Western Pacific Territories (1900–1901)annexed to New Zealand
Norfolk Islandsettlement part of New South Wales (1788–1844)Norfolk Island, Australia
part of colony of Van Diemen's Land (1844–1855)"
part of colony of Tasmania (1855-1856)"
subordinated to New South Wales (1856–1897)dependency of New South Wales"
Palmyra Atollannexed (1889-1898)annexed by United StatesPalmyra Atoll, United States
Pitcairn Islandsprotectorate (1838–1887)Pitcairn, Pitcairn Islands
colony (1887–1898)"
part of British Western Pacific Territories (1898-1902)"
part of British Western Pacific Territories (1902–1970)Pitcairn/Oeno/Henderson/Ducie, Pitcairn Islands
colony (1970–1983)"
dependent territory (1983-2002)"
overseas territory (2002-)Pitcairn Islands Flag :±: !T! abc /\\/"
Queenslandpart of colony of New South Wales (1824–1859)Queensland, Australia
colony (1859–1901)state of Australia"
- Torres Strait Islandspart of colony of Queensland (1879-1901)part of Queensland"
- Coral Sea Islandspart of colony of Queensland (1879–1901)"Coral Sea Islands, Australia
Samoatripartite protectorate (1889-1900)!T! abc [X]annexed by GermanySamoa; Niue, New Zealand; Solomon Islands; American Samoa, United States
Sandwich Islandsprotectorate (1794-10 February 1843)independenceHawaii, United States
Ceded to Britain 10 February 1843 - 31 July 1843"
South Australiapart of colony of New South Wales (1788–1836)South Australia, Australia
province (1836–1863)"
province (1863-1901)state of AustraliaSouth Australia/Northern Territory, Australia
Van Diemen's Landpart of New South Wales (1803–1825)Tasmania, Australia
colony (1825–1844)"
colony (1844-1855)renamedNorfolk Island/Tasmania, Australia
Tasmaniacolony (1855–1856)"
colony (1856-1901)state of AustraliaTasmania, Australia
- Macquarie Islandpart of colony of New South Wales (1810–1890)Macquarie Island, Australia
part of colony of Tasmania (1890–1901)part of Tasmania"
Tokelauprotectorate (1889–1898)Tokelau, New Zealand
protectorate part of British Western Pacific Territories (1898–1916)"
part of colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands (1916-1949)transferred to New Zealand"
Victoriapart of colony of New South Wales (1839–1851)state of AustraliaVictoria, Australia
colony (1851–1901)state of AustraliaVictoria, Australia
Western Australia
- King George Soundsettlement (1791–1829)transferred from New South WalesWestern Australia, Australia
- Swan Rivercolony (1829–1832)renamed"
Western Australiacolony (1832-1901)state of Australia"

 Treaties and Acts of Parliament, etc.

This is a listing of the more important treaties, Acts of Parliament, and other legal instruments and events affecting the nature and territorial extent of the British Empire.
Effective dateName of treaty, etc.Territorial effect
1536/1542Laws in Wales Acts 1535-1542Wales annexed to the Kingdom of England
1707Acts of Union 1707Scotland and England unite as the Kingdom of Great Britain
1713Treaty of UtrechtSpain cedes Gibraltar to Britain. France cedes Newfoundland, Hudson Bay and Acadie to Britain.
1763Treaty of ParisFrance cedes all its territories in America to Britain except Saint Pierre and Miquelon Islands.
1776Declaration of Independence of the United StatesThe Thirteen Colonies (New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia) assert independence
1783Second Treaty of ParisGreat Britain formally recognises the independence of the United States. End of the American Revolution.
1788New South Wales is established by settlement as a penal colony
1791Constitution ActThe Province of Quebec is divided in two sections Upper Canada (now Ontario) and Lower Canada (now Quebec).
1801Act of Union 1800Ireland unites with Great Britain to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
1814Third Treaty of ParisFrance cedes the Seychelles to Britain
1840Treaty of WaitangiNew Zealand becomes a British colony
1867British North America Act 1867 (known in Canada as the Confederation 1867)The Province of Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia federate as the Dominion of Canada
1870Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory are annexed to Canada
1871British Columbia becomes a province of Canada
1876proclamation under the Royal Titles Act 1876Queen Victoria adopts the title "Empress of India"
1899Joint British-Egyptian condominium established over Sudan
1901proclamation under the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act (1900)The Commonwealth of Australia is formed by the federation of the colonies of New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, and Tasmania
1910proclamation under the South Africa Act 1909Union of South Africa formed by the federation of the colonies of the Cape of Good Hope, Natal, Transvaal, and the Orange River Colony
1914Cyprus (Annexation) Order in Council 1914Cyprus formally annexed
1920Kenya (Annexation) Order in Council 1920Most of the East Africa Protectorate is annexed as the Colony of Kenya
1922Anglo-Irish TreatyThe Irish Free State is separated from the United Kingdom
Unilateral Declaration of Egyptian IndependenceEgypt becomes independent
1931Statute of WestminsterCanada, the Irish Free State, and the Union of South Africa obtain effective sovereignty
1934Financial difficulties result in Newfoundland losing its status as a dominion
1942Australia adopts the Statute of Westminster, backdated to 1939
1947New Zealand adopts the Statute of Westminster
Indian Independence Act 1947British India is partitioned into the independent dominions of India and Pakistan
1948King George VI relinquishes the title "Emperor of India"
1949Newfoundland becomes a province of Canada
1960Nigeria Independence Act 1960The colony and protectorate of Nigeria become independent
1962Jamaica Independence Act 1962Jamaica becomes independent
1983The status of "colony" is renamed "dependent territory"
1997Sino-British Joint Declaration (1984) and the Hong Kong Act 1985Hong Kong is transferred to the People's Republic of China
2002The status of "dependent territory" is renamed "British Overseas Territory