IMF........................................WB..................................................CIA
rank/measure.....................rank/measure.....................................rank/measure
109/2,397............................104/2,287.........................................117/1,873
- 0.1 million
- $0.8 billion
- 1.5% growth
- 0.4% 5-year compound annual growth
- $7,344 per capita
- 5.3%
- $10.4 million.
All four pillars of economic freedom in Tonga lack the institutional foundations needed for sustained economic growth. Potential entrepreneurial investment is stifled by a largely opaque regulatory environment, and most economic activity is informal. Property rights are weakly enforced. High levels of corruption unduly burden positive economic activity and hinder private-sector growth. The judicial system deserves much of the blame for these shortfalls because it is often influenced by politics, increasing investment risk and slowing economic growth.
The Tongan economy continues to depend heavily on foreign aid and overseas remittances. The dominance of the public sector has contributed to a low level of economic dynamism despite a workforce that is considered the best educated among the Pacific Island nations. Although trade-weighted average tariffs have dropped, the lack of commitment to dismantling non-tariff barriers and enhancing the investment regime thwarts the emergence of a more dynamic private sector.