| Cairo skyline, as seen from the Cairo Tower | |
| Rank | 27th |
|---|---|
| Currency | Egyptian pound (EGP) |
| Trade organisations | WTO |
| Statistics | |
| GDP | $525.6 billion (2011 est.) [2] |
| GDP growth | 1.8% (2011)[3] |
| GDP per capita | $6,000 (PPP) (2010 est.) |
| GDP by sector | agriculture: 13.5%; industry: 37.9%; services: 48.6% (2010 est.) |
| Inflation (CPI) | 12.8% (2010 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | 20% (2005 est.) |
| Gini coefficient | 34.4 (2001) |
| Labour force | 26.1 million (2010 est.) |
| Labour force by occupation | Agriculture (32%), Industry (17%), Services (51%) (2001 est.) |
| Unemployment | 11.9% (2010 est.) |
| Main industries | Textiles, Food Processing, Tourism, Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals, Hydrocarbons, Construction, Cement, Metals, Light Manufactures |
| Ease of Doing Business Rank | 110th[4] |
| External | |
| Exports | $25.34 billion (61st; 2010 est.) |
| Export goods | Crude oil and Petroleum products, Cotton, Textiles, Metal Products, Chemicals, Agricultural goods |
| Main export partners | United States 7.95%, Italy 7.26%, Spain 6.78%, India 6.69%, Saudi Arabia 5.53%, Syria 5.3%, France 4.39%, South Korea 4.27% (2009) |
| Imports | $46.52 billion (47th; 2010 est.) |
| Import goods | Machinery and Equipment, Foodstuffs, Chemicals, Wood products, Fuels |
| Main import partners | United States 9.92%, China 9.63%, Germany 6.98%, Italy 6.88%, Turkey 4.94% (2009) |
| FDI stock | $72.41 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
| Gross external debt | $30.61 billion (31 December 2010 est.) |
| Public finances | |
| Public debt | 83.4% of GDP (2011 est.) |
| Revenues | $46.82 billion (2010 est.) |
| Expenses | $64.19 billion (2010 est.) |
| Credit rating | B+ (Domestic) B+ (Foreign) B+ (T&C Assessment) (Standard & Poor's)[5] |
| Foreign reserves The economy of Egypt was highly centralized under President Gamal Abdel Nasser. In the 1990s, a series of International Monetary Fund arrangements, coupled with massive external debt relief resulting from Egypt's participation in the Gulf War coalition, helped Egypt improve its macroeconomic performance. Since 2000, the pace of structural reforms, including fiscal, monetary policies, privatization and new business legislations, helped Egypt move towards a more market-oriented economy and prompted increased foreign investment. The reforms and policies have strengthened macroeconomic annual growth results which averaged 5% annually but the government largely failed to equitably share the wealth and the benefits of growth have failed to trickle down to improve economic conditions for the broader population, especially with the growing problem of unemployment and underemployment among youth under the age of 30 years. A youth protest demanding more political freedoms, fighting corruption and delivering improved living standards forced President Mubarak to step down on 11 February 2011. After the revolution Egypt’s foreign exchange reserves fell from $36 billion in December 2010 to only $16.3 billion in January 2012, also in February 2012 Standard & Poor’s rating agency lowered the Egypt’s credit rating from B+ to B in the long term | US$18.300 billion (December 2011 |
IMF........................................WB.................................................CIA
rank/measure.......................rank/measure.................................rank/measure
117/1,739..........................111/1,697.................................123/1,592.
