Karl MarxThe following ideas have been taken from the Manifesto of the Communist Party to analyse the Partition of Bengaland Partition of India.
1. (65)The history of all hitherto existing societiesis is the history of Class Struggle.
2.(70) The discovery of America, the rounding of the Cape, opened up fresh ground for the rising bourgeoisie. The east Indian and Chinese markets,.......
3.(77) The Bourgeoisie, whereverit has got the upper hand,has put an end to all feudal, patriarchal, idyllic relations....
4,(81) The Bourgeoisie cannot exist without constantly revolutionising the instrument of production, and therby the relations of production, and with them the whole relations of society......Constant revolutionising of production , uninterrupted disturbance of all social conditions, everlasting uncertainty and agitation distinguish the bourgeois epoch from all earlier ones. first half of the
The 16th century ushered in the Capitalist era. The decay of feudalism and the genesis of Capitalism, which had begun in the 16th century, lasted up to the first half of the 19th century.
Since the ancient times old system of trades existed between India and other Parts of Europe through Afganistan ,Central Asia, and the Caspean sea till the black sea.
Another trade routes was through Persia and Syria till Alexandriaon the mediterranean Coast of Egypt.The route through the Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf and the red Sea was the most convenient of allThrough these routes goods from India w
ent to Europe and back. The rise of the Arabs witnessed a block of the trade in the 7th century. Besides this, the Turkswere gaining grounds over the Arabs. The shortage in the supply of Asian goods caused a rise of price of the commodities in Europe. This forced the european Countries to seek new sea routes to India. 
The Portuguese:
Owing to the favourable position of Portugal with regards to access to the sea and its access to sea fairing, a new sea route to India, west of Africa was discovered. Encouragement by by Prince Henry of Portugal who loved navigation, and exploration also further boosted the thrill to seek newer lands.By 1481, Bertholomew Daiz reached the Cape of good hopein South Africa.In 1497, Vas co da Gama another portuguese navigator sailed along the Atlantic coastof Africa rounded the Cape of good Hope and reached Mozambique in the Indian ocean.
On april 1498, he reached the western coast of India at Calicutin the South Indian state of Kerala.
It was received by the zamorin, ruler of Calicut, Almedia was the first Portuguese Governor in India. He was determined to make Portugal poerful at sea. From 1509 to 1515 Albequerque became the second Governor of the Indian territory held by Portugal.
But when Dutch rose to power in the South East asis and settled in Chinsura in Bengal. Portuguese were driven out.
Later British power took over the power over whole of India since 1757 and the greatest revolutionary productive forces , Steam Engine, was discovered in 1760. At that time England was busy in American war of Independence.
America got their Independence in 1770 and England had to depend on india's exploitation for comleting his Industrial revolution for which he needs money and raw materials.
